[1]
［1］Amosse J, Allibert M, Fischer W, et al. 1990. Experimental study of solubility of platinum and iridium in basic silicate melts - implications for the differentiation of platinum-group elements during magmatic processes. Chem. Geol., 81:45－53
[2]
［2］Anders E and Grevesse N. 1989. Abundances of the elements: meteoritic and solar. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53: 197－214
[3]
［3］Arculus RJ and Delano JW. 1981. Siderophile element abundances in the upper mantle: evidence for a sulfide signature and equilibrium with the core. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 45: 1331－1343
[4]
［4］Barnes S, Naldrett AJ and Gorton MP. 1985. The origin of the fractionation of platinum-group elements in terrestrial magmas. Chem. Geol., 53: 303－323
[5]
［5］Barnes SJ, Boyd R, Korneliusson A, Nilsson LP, Often M, Pedersen BB and Robins B. 1988. The use of mantle normalization and metal ratios in discriminating between the effects of partial melting, crystal fractionation and sulphide segregation on platinum-group elements, gold, nickel and copper: examples from Norway. In: Geo-Platinum 87 (eds. Prichard HM, Potts PJ, Bowles JFW and Cribb SJ), Elsevier, London, 113－143
[6]
［6］Borisov A, Palme H and Spettel B. 1994. Solubility of palladium in silicate melts: implications for core formation in the Earth. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58: 705－716
[7]
［7］Borisov A and Palme H. 1995. Solubility of Ir in silicate melts: new data from experiments with Ir10Pt90 alloys. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59: 481－485
[8]
［8］Brett R. 1984. Chemical equilibration of the earth\'s core and upper mantle. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 48: 1331－1343
[9]
［9］Brugmann GE, Arndt NT, Hoffmann AW et al. 1987. Nobel metal abundances in komatiite suites from Alexo, Ontario and Gorgona Island, Colombia. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 51: 2159－2169
[10]
［10］Chou CL. 1978. Fractionation of siderophile elements in the earth\'s upper mantle. Proc. 9th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., 219－230
[11]
［11］Chou CL, Shaw DM, Crocket JH. 1983. Siderophile trace elements in the earth\'s oceanic crust and upper mantle. J. Geophys. Res., 88: A507－A518
[12]
［12］Crocket JH. 1979. Platinum-group elements in mafic and ultramafic rocks: Survey. Canadian Mineral., 17: 391－402
[13]
［13］Crocket JH. 1981. Geochemistry of the Platinum-group elements. In: PGE Mineralogy, Geology, Recovery (ed. Cabri LJ). Can. Inst. Min. Metall., Spec., 23: 47－63
[14]
［14］Edwards SJ. 1990. Harzburgites and refractory melts in the Lewis hills massif, Bay of Island ophiolite complex: The base-metals and precious-metals story. Canadian Mineral., 28: 537－552
[15]
［15］Fleet ME, Stone WE, Crocket JH. 1991. Partitioning of palladium, iridium, and platinum between sulfide liquid and basalt melt: effects of melt composition, concentration, and oxygen fugacity. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55: 2545－2554
[16]
［16］Garuti G, Gorgoni C and Sighinolfi GP. 1984. Sulfide mineralogy and chalcophile and siderophile element abundances in the Ivrea-Verbano mantle peridotites (western Italian Alps). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 70: 69－87
[17]
［17］Garuti G, Fershtater G, Bea F, Montero P, Pushkarev EV and Zaccarini F. 1997. Platinum-group elements as petrological indicators in mafic-ultramafic complexes of the central and southern Urals: preliminary results. Tectonophysics, 276: 181－194
[18]
［18］Hamlyn PH, Keays RR, Cameron WE, Crawford AJ and Walddron HM. 1985. Precious metals in magnesian low-Ti lavas: Implications for metallogenesis and sulfur saturation in primary magmas. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49: 1797－1811
[19]
［19］Hamlyn PH and Keays RR. 1986. Sulphur-saturation and second-stage melts: application to the Bushveld platinum metal deposits. Econ. Geol., 81: 1431－1445
[20]
［20］Handler MR and Bennett VC. 1999. Behaviour of platinum-group elements in the subcontinental mantle of eastern Australia during variable metasomatism and melt depletion. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 63: 3597－3618
[21]
［21］Hauri EH and Hart SR. 1993. Re-Os isotope systematics of HIMU and EMII oceanic island basalts from the South Pacific Ocean. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 114: 353－371
[22]
［22］Hawkins JW, Bloomer SH, Evans CA and Melchior JT. 1984. Evolution of intra-oceanic arc-trench systems. Tectonophys., 102: 174－205
[23]
［23］Jaqoutz E, Palme H, Baddenhausen H, Blum K, Dreibus G, Spettel B, Lorenz V and Wanke H. 1979. The abundance of major, minor and trace elements in the earth\'s mantle as derived from primitive ultramafic nodules. Proc. 10th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., 2031－2050
[24]
［24］Jochum KP. 1996. Rhodium and other platinum-group elements in carbonaceous chondrites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 60: 3353－3357
[25]
［25］Jones JH and Drake MJ. 1986. Geochemical constraints on core formation in the Earth. Nature, 322: 221－228
[26]
［26］Keays RR. 1995. The role of komatiitic and picritic magmatism and S-saturation in the formation of the ore deposits. Lithos, 34: 1－18
[27]
［27］Keays RR and Davison RM. 1976. Palladium, iridium and gold in ores and host rocks of nickel sulfide deposits in Western Australia. Econ. Geol., 71: 1214－1228
[28]
［28］Keays RR, Ross JR and Woolrich P. 1981. Precious metals in volcanic peridotite-associated nickel sulfide deposits in Western Australia. II: Distribution within the ores and the host rocks at Kambalda. Econ. Geol., 76: 1645－1674
[29]
［29］Kimura K, Lewis RS and Anders E. 1974. Distribution of gold and rhenium between nickel-iron and silicate melts: implications for abundance of siderophile elements on the Earth and Moon. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 38:683－701
[30]
［30］Lorand JP. 1989. Abundance and distribution of Cu-Fe-Ni sulfides, sulfur, copper and platinum-group elements in orogenic type spinel lherzolite massifs of Ariege (Northeastern Pyrenees, France). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 93: 50－64
[31]
［31］Lorand JP, Keays RR and Bodinier JL. 1993. Copper and noble metal enrichments across the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary of the mantle diapirs: evidence from the Lanzolherzolite massif. J. Petrol., 34: 1111－1140
[32]
［32］Martin CE. 1991. Os isotopic characteristics of mantle derived rocks. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55: 1421－1434
[33]
［33］McDonough WF and Sun S-s. 1995. The composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology, 120: 223－253
[34]
［34］Mclnnes BIA, McBride JS, Evans NJ, Lambert DD and Andrew AS. 1999. Osmium isotope constraints on ore metal recycling in subduction zones. Science, 286: 512－516
[35]
［35］Mitchell RH and Keays RR. 1981. Abundance and distribution of gold, palladium and iridium in some spinel and garnet lherzolites - implications for the nature and origin of precious metal-rich intergranular components in the upper mantle. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 45: 2425－2442
[36]
［36］Morgan JW and Wanderless GA. 1979. Terrestrial upper mantle: siderophile and volatile trace elements. Proc. 7th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., 2189－2199
[37]
［37］Morgan JW, Wanderless GA, Petrie RK and Irving AJ. 1981. Composition of the earth\'s upper mantle, I. siderophile trace elements in ultramafic nodules. Tectonophysics, 75: 47－67
[38]
［38］Morgan JW. 1986. Ultramafic xenoliths, clue to the earth\'s late accretionary history. Geophys. Rev., 91: 12375－12387.
[39]
［39］Naldrett AJ. 1981. Platinum-group element deposits. In: PGE Mineralogy, Geology, Recovery (ed. Cabri LJ). Can. Inst. Min. Metall., Spec., 23: 197－231
[40]
［40］Naldrett AJ and Cabri LJ. 1976. Ultramafic and related rocks: their classification and genesis with special reference to the concentration of nickel sulfides and platinum-group elements. Econ. Geol., 71: 1131－1158
[41]
［41］Naldrett AJ, Hoffman EL, Green AH, Chou CL and Naldrett SR. 1979. The composition of Ni-sulfide ores, with particular reference to their content of PGE and Au. Canadian Miniral., 17: 403－415
[42]
［42］Naldrett AJ and Duke M. 1980. Platinum metals in magmatic sulfide ores. Science, 208: 1417－1424
[43]
［43］O\'Neill H St C. 1991. The origin of the moon and the early history of the earth - a chemical model: part 2. the earth. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55: 1159－1172
[44]
［44］Orberger B, Xu Y and Reeves SJ. 1998. Platinum group elements in mantle xenoliths from eastern China. Tectonophysics, 296: 87－101
[45]
［45］Palme H and Beer H. 1993. Abundances of the elements in the solar system. In: Landolt-Brnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationship in Science and Technology, Vol. 3 (ed. Voigt H H). Springer-Verlag, 196－206
[46]
［46］Pattou L, Lorand JP and Gros M. 1996. Non-chondritic platinum-group element ratios in the Earth\'s mantle. Nature, 379: 712－715
[47]
［47］Peck DC, Keays RR and Ford RJ. 1992. Direct crystallization of refractory platinum-group element alloys from primitive magmas: evidence from Western Tasmania. Austr. J. Earth Sci., 39: 373－387
[48]
［48］Rehkmper M, Halliday AN, Barfod D, Fitton JG and Dawson JB. 1997. Platinum-group element abundance patterns in different mantle environments. Science, 278: 1595－1598
[49]
［49］Rehkmper M, Halliday AN, Fitton JG, Lee DC, Wieneke M and Arndt NT. 1999. Ir, Ru, Pt, and Pd in basalts and komatiites: new constraints for the geochemical behavior of the platinum-group elements in the mantle. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 63: 3915－3934
[50]
［50］Schmidt G, Palme H, Kratz K and Kurat G. 2000. Are highly siderophile elements (PGE, Re and Au) fractionated in the upper mantle of the earth? new results on peridotites from Zabargad. Chem. Geol., 163: 167－188
[51]
［51］Snow JE and Schmidt G. 1998. Constraints on Earth accretion deduced from noble metals in the oceanic mantle. Nature, 391: 166－169
[52]
［52］Song Y and Frey FA. 1989. Geochemistry of peridotite xenoliths in basalt from Hannuoba, Eastern China: implications for subcontinental mantle heterogeneity. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53: 97－113
[53]
［53］Stone WE, Crocket JH and Fleet ME. 1990. Partitioning of palladium, iridium, platinum, and gold between sulfide liquid and basalt melt at 1200℃. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54: 2341－2344
[54]
［54］Sun SS, Wallace DA, Hoatson DM, Glikson AY and Keays RR. 1991. Use of geochemistry as a guide to platinum group element potential of mafic-ultramafic rocks: Examples from the west Pibara Block and Halls Creek Mobile Zone, Western Australia. Precamb. Res., 50: 1－35
[55]
［55］Tatsumi Y, Oguri K, Shimoda G, Kogiso T and Barsczus HG. 2000. Contrasting behavior of noble-metal elements during magmatic differentiation in basalts from the Cook Islands, Polynesia. Geology, 28: 131－134
[56]
［56］Walker RJ, Morgan JW and Horn MF. 1995. Osmium-187 enrichment in some plume: Evidence for core-mantle interaction? Science, 269: 819-822
[57]
［57］Zhou M-F and Robinson PT. 1994. High-chromium and high-aluminum podiform chromitites, western China: Relationship to partial melting and melt/rock interaction in the upper mantle. Intl. Geol. Rev., 36: 678－686
[58]
［58］Zhou M-F, Robinson PT, Malpas J and Li Z. 1996. Podiform chromitites in the Luobusa ophiolite (Southern Tibet): Implications for melt-rock interaction and chromite segregation in the upper mantle. J. Petrol., 37: 3－21
[59]
［59］Zhou M-F, Sun M, Keays R R and Kerrich R W. 1998. Controls on platinum-group elemental distributions of podiform chromitites: a case study of high-Cr and high-Al chromitites from Chinese orogenic belts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 62: 677－688
[60]
［60］储雪蕾,李晓林,徐九华,刘建明.1999. 汉诺坝玄武岩及其地幔橄榄岩、麻粒岩捕虏体的PGE分布特征.科学通报,44: 859－863